Nobel Prize winners 2015

  • Economist Angus Deaton wins 2015 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 

     

     


Microeconomist Angus Deaton has won the prestigious 2015 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has selected him for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare. His research work has linked detailed individual choices and aggregate outcomes which inturn has helped to transform the fields of macroeconomics, microeconomics and development economics. With announcement of this prize, it concludes this year’s presentations of Nobel winners. All Nobel laureates will receive the prize on December 10, 2015 on the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel’s death. About Angus Deaton Deaton was born on 19 October 1945 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He hold citizenship of both United States and United Kingdom. He is educated as a foundation scholar at Fettes College and had earned his B.A., M.A. and D.Phil. degrees from the University of Cambridge, UK. Presently, he is professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University. About Nobel memorial prize in economic sciences In 1968, Sweden’s central bank had added the economic sciences prize as a memorial to Nobel. 

  • National Dialogue Quartet wins 2015 Nobel Peace Prize

     


National Dialogue Quartet (NDQ) in Tunisia has won prestigious 2015 Nobel Peace Prize. Norwegian Nobel Committee has selected NDQ for its decisive contribution in building pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the 2011 Jasmine Revolution. NDQ was established in 2013 as an alternative, peaceful political process at a time when Tunisia was on the brink of civil war aftermath of revolution. NDQ consists following 4 organisations in Tunisian civil society Tunisian General Labour Union. Tunisian Confederation of Industry, Trade and Handicrafts. Tunisian Human Rights League. Tunisian Order of Lawyers. After the Tunisian Arab Spring (Jasmine Revolution) in 2010-2011, NDQ paved the way for a peaceful dialogue between the citizens. NDQ was also instrumental in establishing a constitutional system of government in Tunisia by guaranteeing fundamental rights for the entire population, irrespective of gender, religious belief or political conviction. About Jasmine Revolution It was an intensive campaign of civil resistance including a series of street demonstrations against the long authoritarian rule of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The events of revolution began in December 2010 and led to the ousting Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011. Jasmine Revolution eventually led to a thorough democratization of the country and led to successful free and democratic elections. Arab Spring: It should be noted that Tunisia was birth place of Arab Spring which later spread to many parts of the Arab world including in Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen. In every country except Tunisia the revolution had turned violent. In case of Syria it turned into civil war.


  • Author Svetlana Alexievich wins 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature 

 

Author Svetlana Alexievich of Belarus has been selected for prestigious 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy has selected Svetlana for her polyphonic writings, courage and a monument to suffering. With this she became 14th women Literature Laureate and she is also the first writer from Belarus to receive this award. About Svetlana Alexievich She was born on 31 May 1948 in the Ukrainian town of Ivano-Frankivsk. She had studied journalism at the University of Minsk between 1967 and 1972. Later she worked as a journalist for several years and published her first book War’s Unwomanly Face in 1985. Using her journalistic skills, she has created a literature chronicling the great tragedies of World War II, Soviet Union and its collapse, Soviet war in Afghanistan and 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Her best-known works: Voices from Chernobyl (2005), Zinky Boys: Soviet Voices from the Afghanistan War (1992), Awards: reviously, she had won the Swedish PEN prize in 2007 for her courage and dignity as a writer.






  •  Winners of 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry October 7, 2015

Tomas Lindahl (United Kingdom)
Paul Modrich (US)
Aziz Sancar (US) 



Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has chosen them for their research on mechanistic studies of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) repair. Their work has provided fundamental knowledge of functioning of living cell functions and its application for the development of new cancer treatments. 


Aziz Sancar: He has mapped Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) which is the mechanism in which cells repair Ultra Violet (UV) damage to DNA. He is from the University of North Carolina, US. 

Tomas Lindahl: He has successfully demonstrated that DNA decays at a rate that ought to have made the development of life on Earth impossible. He is from the Francis Crick Institute. 


Paul Modrich: He has successfully demonstrated how the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. He is from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University School of Medicine, UK.

They will receive the award at the annual award ceremony to be held on December 10, 2015 on the anniversary of the death of prize founder Alfred Nobel. All the three laureates will share the prize money of 8 million Swedish kronor equally. 


  • Winners of 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics October 6, 2015


Takaaki Kajita (Japan)
Arthur B. McDonald (Canada) 

                                                                Takaaki Kajita (Japan)

                                                         Arthur B. McDonald (Canada)



The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has selected them for their key contributions to experiments showing that neutrinos change identities. They individually have discovered neutrino oscillations and shown that neutrinos have mass. Arthur McDonald Mr. McDonald is a professor emeritus at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. He had led a research group which had demonstrated that the neutrinos from the Sun were not disappearing on their way to Earth. The group had captured these neutrinos with a different identity at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (Canada). Takaaki Kajita Takaaki Kajita is from the University of Tokyo, Japan. He had discovered that neutrinos from the atmosphere switch between two identities when they reach earth and after were captured by Super-Kamiokande neutrino detector (Japan). About Neutrino Neutrinos were first proposed by Swiss scientist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930. They are electrically neutral, weakly interacting elementary subatomic particle with half-integer spin. They are the second most widely occurring particle in the universe after photons which are the particles makingg up light. It belongs to the lepton family. There are three types of neutrinos: electron neutrinos (ve), muon neutrinos(vu) and tau neutrinos(vT) differing in terms of mass.


  • Nobel Prize for Medicine 2015 winners October 5, 2015



Youyou Tu (China)
Satoshi Omura (Japan)
William Campbell (Ireland)



They have been chosen for their pioneering discoveries which have led to the development of potent new drugs against parasitic diseases such as malaria and elephantiasis. The laureates will receive their prizes on December 10, 2015 at a formal ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden marking the anniversary of the death of prize creator Alfred Nobel. William Campbell and Satoshi Omura: Both biochemists have won half of the Nobel Prize of this edition for discovering avermectin, a derivative which is used to treat hundreds of millions of people with river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis). Youyou Tu: She was awarded the other half of the prize for discovering artemisinin, a drug that has reduced malaria deaths and has become the mainstay of fighting the mosquito-borne disease. She is the 13th woman to win Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine and became first Chinese woman laureate. Diseases: River blindness is skin and eye disease which ultimately leads to blindness. Lymphatic filariasis which is also known as elephantiasis causes painful swelling of the limbs. About Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel award for medicine is given to persons whose discoveries have significantly enhanced the understanding of life or the practice of medicine. The winners are chosen by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute and are always announced before the Nobel Prize for other categories. The Nobel comes with prize money of 8 million Swedish kroner or 1.1 million dollars.
 
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